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KMID : 0941820100200020128
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Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
2010 Volume.20 No. 2 p.128 ~ p.137
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Review of Gender Differences in Medicine and Primary Factors Resulting in Gender Differences
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Kim Hyun-Ju
Choi Jong-Min
Kim You-Jin
Chae Song-Wha
Park Jung-Hyun
Oh Ji-Hyun
Kim Kyung-Hee
Heo Jung-Sun
Gwak Hye-Sun
Lee Hwa-Jeong
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Abstract
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This review summarizes gender differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse drug reactions. Gender differences in pharmacokinetics are categorized by four major factors: absorption/bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. There are sex-based differences in gastric emptying time, gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity, apparent volume of distribution, α1-acid glycoprotein level, phase I (CYP) and phase II metabolizing enzymes, glomerular filtration rate, and drug transporters. This review also reports gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cardiovascular agents, central nervous system acting agents and antiviral agents. In addition, it has been reported that females experience more adverse reactions such as coughing, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, rash, hypersensitivity, hepatotoxicity, and metabolic disorder after taking cardiovascular, central nervous system acting and antiviral agents. Therefore, in order to provide optimal drug dosage regimens both in male and female, gender differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse drug reactions must be considered.
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KEYWORD
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gender differences, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse drug reaction
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